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St
Helen's Bishopsgate has an unusual history and groundplan.
Its curious double nave shows that the church was once two
separate places of worship: a parish church, with 15th century
Gothic arches, and the chapel of the adjoining medieval Benedictine
nunnery.
The nunnery was founded by William
Fitzwilliam in the 13th century, dedicated to St Helen and
the Holy Cross. St Helen was the mother of the first Christian
Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, and credited with discovering
the True Cross in the 4th century. This is the only
monastic building to survive within the walls of the City.
Although
St Helen's survived the Great Fire and the Blitz the building
suffered severe bomb damage at the end of the 20th century.
The modern commercial buildings that surround the church helped
to shield it from two IRA bomb blasts in 1992 and 1993, but
the first bomb caused considerable damage to the building.
St Helen's has been restored and reordered by Quinlan Terry.
Outside the west front has two
battlemented gables representing the nunnery to the north
and the parish church to the south, surmounted by a small
bell-turret in the centre. Inside, the two naves of
are divided by four tall arches dating from around 1475.
The two chancels are separated
by a 14th century arch and another arch dating from the late-15th
century. A white-painted gallery has been constructed
across the west end and this now houses an organ by Thomas
Griffin dated 1743.
The focus of the church is on
the south wall where a rich Jacobean pulpit stands on a dais.
Although little stained glass
survived the 1992 bomb blast, the north window still depicts
William Shakespeare, who is recorded as living in the parish
in 1597. The font, now standing at the west end, dates
from 1632.
The church, with its collection
of medieval and Tudor monuments to City dignitaries, is known
as the 'Westminster Abbey of the City', and includes the tomb-chest
of Sir Thomas Gresham, who died in 1579, founder of the Royal
Exchange and Gresham College. There is also
the memorial to Sir William Pickering, died 1574, Ambassador
to Spain, and on the east wall is small memorial to Sir Andrew
Judd , died 1558, Lord Mayor and founder of Tonbridge School.
St Helen's oldest monument, from the 14th century, commemorates
John de Oteswich and his wife
Admission free
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